First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What, according to the author, is the best way to overcome the fear 免费vpn of death as you get older?
Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death．In the vpn软件免费 young there is a justification for this feeling．Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in 免费vpn the thought that they vpn免费 have been 免费vpn cheated of the best things that life has to offer．But in an old man who has known human vpn免费 joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and vpn免费下载 ignoble．The best way to overcome it----so at least it seems to me----is to make vpn免费下载 your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly vpn软件免费 merged in the universal life．An individual human vpn软件免费 existence should be like a river----small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls．Gradually the river grows wider, the vpn软件免费 banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, vpn免费下载 they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being．The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue．And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will vpn免费下载 be not unwelcome．I should wish to die 免费vpn while still at work, knowing that others vpn软件免费 will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.
BERTRAND RUSSELL How to vpn免费 grow old from Portraits from Memory
New words and expressions生词和短语
oppress(1.1) [ə'pres]v．忧郁，压抑
ego(1.6)['i:gəu] n．自我
justification(1.1)[ˌdʒʌstifiˈkeiʃən]n．正当理由
recede(1.6)[riˈsi:d]v.退去
justifiably(1.2)['dʒʌstifaiəbl] adv．无可非议地
increasingly(1.6)[in'kri:siŋli] adv．日益，不断
cheat(1.3)[tʃi:t] v．欺骗
passionately(1.8)['pæʃənit]adv．激昂地
abject(1.4)['æbdʒekt] adj．可怜的
painlessly(1.10) ['peinlisli]adv．毫无痛苦地
ignoble(1.5) [ig'nəubl]adj．不体面的，可耻的
vitality(1.12)[vait'tæliti]n．精力
impersonal (1.6)[im'pə:sənl] adj．超脱个人感情影响的
weariness(1.12)/wiərinis/n．疲惫感
Notes on the text课文注释
1in the young, 在年轻人身上。
2Young men who have reason…that life has to offer．这个句子较长，其中有3个that。第1个that引导一个宾语从句that…battle，是fear的宾语。第2个that引导一个同位语从句that they…to offer，说明 thought 的内容。第3个that引导一个定语从句that life vpn软件免费 has to vpn软件免费 offer，修饰things。
3cheat of…, 从那里骗取……。
4whatever work it was in him to do, 他所能做的任何工作。
5so at least it seems to me, 这里一个插入语，用了倒装语序，自然的语序是at least it seems so 免费vpn to me。
Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using these words: oppressed (1.1); justification (1.1); cheated (1.3); recede (1.6); merged (1.7); decay of vpn免费 vitality (1.12) weariness(1.12).
The paragraph段落
AWhich of these statements best expresses the main 免费vpn idea or me passage? Give reasons for your answer:
1Old people fear death.
2While it is justifiable for a young man to fear death, it is not so in an vpn软件免费 old man who has known human joys and sorrows and has 免费vpn accomplished whatever work it was in him to do.
3It vpn免费下载 is justifiable for young people to fear death.
4An old man will not fear death if he knows that there are others who will carry on what he can no longer do.
BThe following sentences have been taken from lines 7-14．Arrange them in their correct order．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
1I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.
2The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, vpn免费 since the things he cares for will continue.
3An individual human vpn免费 existence should be like a river----small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.
4Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being.
5And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome.
Key structures关键句型
ASupply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses in the following paragraph．Do not refer to the passage until you have vpn免费下载 免费vpn finished the vpn免费 exercise:
Some old people _______ (oppress) by the fear of death．In the vpn免费 young there is a justification for this feeling.
Young men who have reason to fear that they _________ (kill) in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought 免费vpn that they______ (cheat) of the best things that life has to offer．But in an old man who ______ (know) human joys and sorrows, and ________ (achieve) whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death _______ (be) somewhat abject and ignoble．(11.1-5)
BNote the form of the verbs used after until in this sentence:
Make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life．(11.5-7)
Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses in the following sentences:
1I don't think he will be very pleased when he _______ (find) out the truth.
2He will send a telegram as soon as he ______ (arrive) in Zurich.
3We should wait until the weather _______ (change) before we go on holiday.
CStudy these sentences:
Instead of vpn免费下载 saying: 免费vpn An individual human existence should be like a vpn免费 river．(1.7)
We can say: An individual human existence ought to be like a river.
Now compare the following sentence with the two given above:
I can't leave now: I must finish my work first.
Supply should (ought to) or vpn软件免费 must in these sentences:
1I really _____ finish this letter, but I think it can wait until tomorrow.
2I have vpn软件免费 no alternative: I _____ do what I am told to 免费vpn do.
3By rights, you _______ pay a fine on this book as it is long overdue, but it doesn't matter.
4I _____ be at work on time every morning or I'll vpn免费下载 lose my job．
DSupply the missing words in the following sentences．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly vpn免费 and _____ the end, without any visible break, they become merged ______ the sea and painlessly lose their individual being．The man who, ______ old age, can see his vpn软件免费 life _______ this way, will not suffer _____ the fear ______ death, since the things he cares _____ will continue．(11.8-11)
EGive the correct form of the verb in parentheses．Do not refer to the passage until you have completed the exercise:
And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness _____ (increase), the thought of rest will be not unwelcome．(11.11-12)
Special difficulties难点
AStudy these examples, then write two sentences 免费vpn to bring out the difference between the verbs flow (1.9) and fly.
The River Thames rises in Gloucestershire and runs eastwards for 210 miles until it flows into the North Sea at the Nore, some 40 vpn免费 miles east of London.
The nest in the hedge is empty．The young birds have flown.
BNote that the word water is rarely used vpn免费 in 免费vpn the plural: 免费vpn ‘the waters flow more quietly’ (1.9)．Study the example and then write a sentence using water in the plural.
The banks of the River Oder had disappeared in the flood, and despairing householders watched from a hill top as the waters went on rising.
CExplain the meaning of since in these sentneces:
1Man will vpn免费下载 not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue．(11.10-11)
2I have not seen him since last year.
DNote the use of no longer and any longer in these vpn免费 sentences:
Others will carry on what I can no longer vpn免费下载 do．(11.12-13)
Others will carry on what I cannot do any longer.
Write two sentences using no longer and any longer.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension理解
1It is ______ that young vpn免费下载 people fear they will die.
a．not surprising
b．unnatural
c．oppressive
d．deceitful
2Fear of death in old people ______.
a．is not something the writer admires
b．is wider and more impersonal
c．is all right for someone who has known joys and sorrow
d．is truly justified
3As a person's interests become vpn免费下载 more impersonal, so ______.
a．his existence becomes like a river
b．the sense of individuality decreases
c．life flows vpn免费 without a visible break
d．the waters flow more quietly
4An old person can reach a stage where _______.
a．the things he cares for will continue
b．he wishes to die while still at work
c．his life will continue
d．he looks forward to death
Structure句型
5In the young, this feeling ______．(1.1)
a．has justified
b．was justified
c．justified
d．is justified
6In an old man ______ has known human joys and sorrows … (11.3-4)
a．what
b．which
c．-
d．that
7An individual human existence should be like a river．That's how it _______ be．(1.7)
a．ought to
b．must
c．has vpn免费下载 to
d．is obliged to
8_____ death will not bring fear to the vpn免费 old man who can see his life in this way．(11.10-11)
a．A
b．The
c．Every
d．-
Vocabulary词汇
9Young men may justifiably feel they have been ______ of the best things in life．(11.1-2)
a．deceived
b．lied
c．stolen
d．robbed
10Your life vpn软件免费 becomes increasingly _______ in the universal life．(11.6-7)
a．lost
b．joined
c．sunk
d．contained
11_____ the river grows wider … (11.8-9)
a．Less and less
b．Step by step
c．One by one
d．Little by little
12I vpn免费下载 should wish to die vpn免费 while still at work, ______ that others will carry on … vpn软件免费 (11.13-14)
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