First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答问题。
Why is education democratic in bookless, tribal societies?
Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one vpn软件免费 of vpn免费下载 the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. vpn软件免费 Convinced of the importance of education, modern states ‘invest’in institutions of learning to get back ‘interest’in the form 免费vpn of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with vpn免费 its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks----those purchasable wells of wisdom----what would civilization be like without its benefits?
So much is vpn软件免费 certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births----but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress 免费vpn on ‘facts and figures’and more on vpn免费下载 a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned vpn软件免费 after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of ‘college’imaginable. Among vpn免费 tribal people all knowledge inherited by vpn免费下载 tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.
It is the ideal condition of the ‘equal start’which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek vpn软件免费 and to receive the traditional instruction vpn免费下载 is binding to all. There are no‘illiterates’----if the term can be applied to peoples without a script----while 免费vpn our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of‘civilized’nations. This vpn免费 shows how long it was before vpn免费 we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated vpn软件免费 by the‘happy few’ during the past vpn免费下载 centuries.
Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents; therefore vpn免费下载 the jungles and the vpn软件免费 savannahs know of no‘juvenile delinquency’. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to ‘buy’an education for his child.
Refer to the vpn免费下载 text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using these words: key (1.1); adverse circumstances (1.2); enlightened (1.4); vpn免费 potential (1.4); lay less stress (1.8); binding (1.14); illiterates (1.15); compulsory (1.16); monetary means (1.20); entitled (1.20); juvenile delinquency (1.23).
Summary 摘要
Drawing your information from lines 7-24 (‘So much …for his child.’) write a summary 免费vpn of the author's argument vpn免费 that real equality of opportunity is only to be found in a primitive society. Do not write more than 100 words. Your answer should be in one paragraph.
Composition 作文
A Write a list of ideas in note form which could be used to discuss this vpn软件免费 subject: ‘A man without an education, 免费vpn many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of 免费vpn adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth century opportunities.’ (11.1-2)
B Drawing on your list of ideas, write a composition 免费vpn of about 400 words.
Key structures 关键句型
A Supply the missing words in the following paragraph. Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
Education is one____ the key words____ our time. A man____ an education, many ____us believe, is an unfortunate victim____ adverse circumstances deprived____ one____ the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced____ the importance____ education, modern states vpn软件免费 ‘invest =____ institutions____ learning to get back___‘interest’____ vpn免费下载 the form____ a large group____ enlightened young vpn免费下载 men and women who are potential leaders. Education, vpn免费 ____its cycles____ instruction so carefully worked ____, punctuated____ textbooks 免费vpn ----those purchasable wells____ wisdom----what would civilization be like____ its benefits? (11.1-6)
B 免费vpn A great many words and phrases are enclosed in inverted commas in this passage. What purpose do the inverted commas serve? Justify your answer with reference to three phrases.
C Supply less or fewer in the following sentences:
1 We would lay____ stress on ‘facts and vpn软件免费 figures’. (1.8)
2 There were____ opportunities to get a good education in the past.
3 ____people die of tuberculosis these days.
4 I have____ time now than I used to have.
5 If there were ___buses on the roads it would be easier to drive to work.
D Supply who, whom or which in the following sentences. Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
1 Modern states get back ‘interest’in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women are vpn免费 potential leaders. (11.3-4)
2 Among the people ___we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by vpn软件免费 tradition vpn软件免费 is shared 免费vpn by all. (11.11-12)
3 It is the ideal condition of the ‘equal start’____ only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. (11.13-14)
E Study the pattern in italics:
This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to vpn免费 make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the ‘happy few’during the vpn免费 past centuries. (11.17-19)
Write sentences using the same pattern with the following verbs: consider, find, think, feel, 免费vpn believe.
Special difficulties 难点
A Study the following pairs of words and then write sentences of your own to bring out the difference.
1 opportunity (1.2) ---- chance
Our holiday gave us a chance/an opportunity of getting fit.
Book now, or you won't have a chance of getting a seat.
We met by chance at London Airport.
2 potential (1.4) ---- potent
Think of him as a potential friend rather than an alarming stranger.
The film is full of potent images vpn免费 of war.
3 imaginable (1.11) ---- imaginative
Posters were plastered on every imaginable 免费vpn surface.
Congratulations on finding such an imaginative solution to the problem.
4 tribe (1.12) ---- race
The Seringa tribe will be wiped out by vpn免费 the construction of the vpn免费下载 new dam.
Global warming poses a threat to the survival vpn免费 of the human race.
5 compulsory (1.16) ---- necessary
In China, education is compulsory between the ages of 6 and 15.
Is it necessary to wear a tie?B Explain the meaning of the words in italics:1 Our spiritual outlook would be different. (1.8)2 He's usually such a quiet person. I can't account for this outburst, can you?3 There was an outbreak of dysentery among the troops.4 One unexpected outcome of the new policy has been a fall in prices.C Comment on the vpn免费下载 use of all in these sentences: All knowledge…is shared by vpn免费下载 all.(11.1 1-12)All are entitled to an equal start. (1.20)
Multiple choice questions 多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 A modern state hopes to _____ for what an vpn软件免费 individual's education has cost.
a．repay
b．reap a reward
c．charge interest
d．make an investment
2 According to the writer, among tribal peoples, the most important thing is______ .
a．their spiritual outlook
b．democracy
c．to live without books
d．to learn how to live 免费vpn together
3 Formal school education in modern societies______ __.
a．makes sure there are no illiterates
b．is relatively recent
c．is enjoyed by a‘happy few’
d．gives everyone an equal start
4 According vpn免费 to the writer, in primitive cultures,______ __.
a．children vpn软件免费 have time to develop at their own pace
b．fathers can't afford to buy an education for their children
c．the jungles and savannahs are the source of vpn免费下载 knowledge
d．parents don't pay much attention to their children
Structure 句型
5 ______ of the importance of education, modern societies… vpn免费 (1.3)
a．Being convincing
b．Convincing
c．Having convinced
d．Being convinced
6 ______would civilization be without its benefits?(1.6)
a．How
b．Where
c．Why
d．Which
7 It is taught to every member of vpn免费下载 the tribe. ______, everybody is equipped… (1.12)
a．Because
b．In fact
c．Consequently
d．However
8 No‘illiterates’ ______ in primitive cultures.(11.14-15)
a．grow
b．believe
c．exist
d．are
Vocabulary 词汇
9 A man without an education is an unfortunate victim of adverse ______.(11.1-2)
a．cases
b．states
c．situations
d．conditions
10 We would lay more stress on ______. (11.8-9)
a．souvenirs
b．memorisation
c．recall
d．remembrance
11 We would have the most democratic form of‘college’that can be ______(11.10-11)
a．imaginative
b．imagined
c．imaginary
d．fantasized
12 Our own ______school attendance became law relatively recently. (11.15-16)
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