First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What do oilmen want to achieve as soon as they strike oil?
The deepest holes of all are vpn软件免费 made for oil, and vpn软件免费 they go down to as much as 25,000 feet．But we do not need to send men down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits．The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter．My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity．When it has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick．It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.
The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, so every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit．It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through．Once we get vpn免费 vpn软件免费 down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface 免费vpn because great pressure, vpn软件免费 either from gas or water, is pushing it．This pressure must be under vpn软件免费 免费vpn control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe．We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas．We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.
T．F．GASKELL The Search for the Earth's Minerals from Discovery
Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using these words: in diameter (1.3); drilling(1.4); haul(1.6); rotated (1.6); every so often (1.8); endeavour (1.12).
The paragraph段落
AWhich of these statements do you think the author would agree with? Give reasons for your choice:
1The search for oil has led to an improvement in drilling techniques.
2When drilling for oil, it is difficult to obtain samples of the rocks the drill has been cutting through.
3Once oil has been found, it is impossible to prevent vpn软件免费 it from gushing to the surface.
BThe following vpn软件免费 sentences have been taken from the first paragraph (lines 1-7)．Arrange them in their correct order．Do not refer to vpn免费下载 the passage until you have finished the exercise:
1My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more 免费vpn vpn免费下载 to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity.
2When it has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil 免费vpn derrick.
3The vpn免费 deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,000 feet.
4The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter.
5But we do not need to send men down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits.
6It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great 免费vpn lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and vpn免费 are fitted with a cutting bit vpn免费下载 at the bottom.
Key structures关键句型
ASupply the correct form of the missing verbs (must, need vpn软件免费 or have to) in 免费vpn these sentences．Do not refer to the passage until you have vpn免费 finished the exercise:
1We do vpn软件免费 not_______ to send men down to get the oil out, as we _______ with other mineral deposits．(11.1-2)
2It _____ be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle and we ______ lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of 免费vpn drill pipe．(11.5-6)
3The geologist _______ to vpn软件免费 know what rocks the drill has reached．(1.8)
4This pressure _______ be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe．(11.11-12)
BSupply a or the where necessary in the following．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise: ______ deepest holes of all are made for _____ oil, and they go down to as much as 25,000 feet．But we do not need to send _______ men down to get _____ oil out, as we must with _____ other mineral deposits．_____ vpn免费下载 holes are only borings, less than _____ foot in _____ diameter.____my particular experience is largely in _____ oil, and ______ search for _____ oil has done more to improve ______ deep drilling than any other mining activity．(11.1-4)
CSupply (be) going to or will in these sentences:
1When it has been decided where we ______ drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick．(11.4-5)
2Ask vpn免费下载 Mary．I'm sure she ______ be able to help vpn软件免费 you.
3He _____ 免费vpn be far more co-operative if you speak to him nicely.
4If ever you want any information, we _______ always be glad to help you.
5He's changed his mind vpn软件免费 again．He ______ vpn软件免费 make out another will.
DNote the order of the words in italics:
The geologist needs to know what rocks vpn免费下载 the drill has reached, vpn免费下载 (1.8)
Complete the following sentences:
1Tell me where ______.
2I 免费vpn don't know why 免费vpn ________.
3Ask him how _________.
4Did he tell you when ________.
ENote the vpn免费 word vpn免费 order in this sentence:
We want it to stay down the hole．(1.13)
Write sentences using the same pattern with the following verbs: allow, ask, teach, cause, warn and advise.
Special difficulties难点
AStudy the following pairs of words and then write vpn免费 sentences of your own to bring out the difference.
1hole (l.1) ---- vpn免费下载 whole
We'll just dig a hole in the ground and bury the box in it.
You have your whole life ahead of you.
2engine (1.6) ---- machine
A car like this needs a powerful engine.
How often should you equip a factory with new machines?
3fit (1.7) ---- suit
That jacket really fits you at the shoulders.
Pastel colours suit me.
4clean (1.9) ---- clear
Please hand me a clean towel.
You must never do that again．Is that clear?
5control (1.13) ---- check
OPEC no longer has control over the price of oil.
It's hard to keep a check on the number of people coming into the country.
BSupply verbs which could be used in place of the expressions in italics:
1When it has been decided where we are vpn软件免费 going to drill, we put up at the surface an vpn免费下载 oil derrick．(11.4-5)
2It took them several hours to put out the fire.
3I won't put up with this sort of thing any longer.
4Because of the bad weather, the 免费vpn match has been put off until next week.
CExplain the meaning of the words or phrases in italics:
1Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface．(1.10)
2I'm ashamed to say I've only been to the Louvre once.
3Once vpn免费下载 upon a time there was a poor woodcutter who lived in vpn免费 a forest.
4I see him once in a while.
5I'll come at once.
6All at once there was a loud explosion.
DWrite sentences using the following expressions:
under control (1.13); out of control; beyond control.
ENote the use of off in this sentence: We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it vpn免费下载 off in a controlled manner．(1.13)
Write vpn软件免费 sentences using 免费vpn the following verbs: vpn免费 drive off; cool off; hurry off; switch off; wear off.
Multiple choice questions多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension理解
1Deep drilling techniques have improved greatly because _______.
a．of the need to locate oil
b．it is necessary to go down as much as 25,000 feet
c．there is no 免费vpn need to vpn免费 send men down deep holes to get oil
d．of the constant search for mineral deposits
2It's necessary to put up an oil derrick _____.
a．because it is like a vpn免费下载 giant block and tackle
b．to rotate the engine at the top
c．to control all the equipment needed to drill a deep hole
d．to decide exactly where vpn免费 to drill for oil
3The only way of knowing what rocks the drill has vpn免费下载 reached is to _____.
a．cut clean cylinders of rock
b．use vpn软件免费 the coring bit
c．take note of the strata below the surface
d．bring up specimen material from time to time
4If you don't control the oil pressure ________.
a．oil will be forced to the surface with great force
b．mud will have to be circulated down the drill vpn免费下载 pipe
c．you will have to catch the oil at the surface
d．water will gush to the surface
Structure句型
5The holes made for oil go down vpn软件免费 as ______ as 25,000 feet．(1.1)
a．many
b．long
c．far
d．distant
6Nothing has done as _____ as to improve deep drilling as the search for oil．(11.3-4)
a．many
b．much
c．long
d．far
7The geologist needs to know ______ rocks the drill has reached．(1.8)
a．that
b．when
c．how
d．which
8_____ we get down to the vpn免费下载 oil, it usually flows with vpn免费 great pressure．(1.10)
a．Immediately
b．The first time
c．Until
d．As long as
Vocabulary词汇
9The holes are only borings, less than a foot _____ .(11.2-3)
a．round
b．across
c．through
d．along
10The 免费vpn engine at the top makes the drill pipe go ______．(1.6)
a．up and down
b．in and vpn免费 out
c．round and round
d．deeper and deeper
11______ a sample is obtained with a coring bit．(11.8-9)
a．Every now and again
b．In one way or another
c．Often but not always
d．After a long time
12We _____ avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher．(1.12)
a．make sure we
b．can't
c．attempt
d．try to
Lesson 13The search for oil 探寻石油
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What vpn免费 do oilmen want to achieve as soon as they strike oil?
The deepest holes of all vpn免费下载 are 免费vpn made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,000 feet．But we do not need to send men down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits．The holes are only borings, less than a vpn免费 foot in diameter．My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to vpn软件免费 improve deep drilling than any other mining activity．When it has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick．It has to be tall because it is like a giant block vpn免费下载 and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are vpn免费下载 rotated by an engine at the top and 免费vpn are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.
The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, so every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit．It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from vpn免费下载 which can be seen the strata the vpn免费 drill has been cutting through．Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface because great pressure, either from gas or water, is pushing it．This pressure must be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe．We endeavour vpn免费 to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas．We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.
T．F．GASKELL The Search for the Earth's Minerals from Discovery
1In a single sentence explain the purpose of an oil derrick.
2Explain in a sentence how oilmen prevent oil from gushing to the surface.
Vocabulary词汇
Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of vpn免费下载 your own using these words: in diameter (1.3); drilling(1.4); haul(1.6); rotated vpn免费下载 (1.6); every so often (1.8); endeavour (1.12).
The paragraph段落
AWhich of these statements do you think the author would agree with? Give reasons for your choice:
1The search for oil has led to an vpn免费下载 improvement in drilling techniques.
2When drilling for oil, it is difficult to obtain vpn免费下载 samples of the rocks the drill has been cutting through.
3Once oil has been found, it is impossible to prevent it from gushing to the surface.
BThe following sentences have been taken vpn免费下载 from the first paragraph (lines 1-7)．Arrange them in their correct order．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
1My particular experience 免费vpn is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity.
2When it vpn免费 has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick.
3The deepest holes vpn免费 of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,000 feet.
4The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter.
5But we do not need to send vpn免费 men down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits.
6It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul 免费vpn out of the ground vpn免费下载 great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top vpn软件免费 and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.
Key structures关键句型
ASupply the correct form of the missing verbs (must, need or have to) in these sentences．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
1We do not_______ to send men down to get the oil out, as we _______ with other mineral deposits．(11.1-2)
2It _____ be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle and we vpn免费下载 ______ lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe．(11.5-6)
3The geologist _______ to know what rocks the drill has reached．(1.8)
4This pressure _______ be under control, and we vpn免费下载 control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe．(11.11-12)
BSupply a or the where necessary in the following．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the vpn免费 exercise: ______ deepest holes of all are made for _____ oil, and they go down to as much as 25,000 feet．But we do not need to send _______ men down to get _____ oil out, as we must with _____ other mineral deposits．_____ holes are only borings, less than _____ foot in _____ diameter.____my particular experience vpn软件免费 is largely in vpn免费 _____ oil, and ______ search for _____ oil has done more to improve ______ deep drilling than any other mining activity．(11.1-4)
CSupply (be) going to or will in these sentences:
1When it has been decided where we ______ drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick．(11.4-5)
2Ask Mary．I'm sure she vpn免费下载 ______ be able to help you.
3He _____ be far more co-operative if you speak to him nicely.
4If 免费vpn ever you want any information, we _______ always be glad to help you.
5He's changed his mind again．He ______ make out another will.
DNote the order of the words in italics:
The 免费vpn geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, (1.8)
Complete 免费vpn the following vpn免费 sentences:
1Tell me where ______.
2I don't know why ________.
3Ask him how _________.
4Did he tell you when vpn免费下载 ________.
ENote the word order in this sentence:
We want it to stay down the hole．(1.13)
Write sentences using the same pattern with the following verbs: allow, ask, teach, cause, warn and advise.
Special vpn软件免费 difficulties难点
AStudy the following pairs of words and then write sentences of your own to bring out the difference.
1hole (l.1) ---- whole
We'll just 免费vpn dig a hole in the ground and bury vpn免费 the box in it.
You have your whole life vpn软件免费 ahead of you.
2engine (1.6) ---- machine
A car like this needs a powerful engine.
How often 免费vpn should you equip a factory with new machines?
3fit (1.7) ---- vpn软件免费 suit
That jacket really fits you at the vpn免费 shoulders.
Pastel colours suit me.
4clean (1.9) ---- clear
Please hand me a clean towel.
You must never do that again．Is that clear?
5control (1.13) ---- check
OPEC no longer has control over the price of oil.
It's hard to keep a check on the number of people coming into the country.
BSupply verbs which could be used in place of the expressions in vpn免费下载 italics:
1When it has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick．(11.4-5)
2It took them several hours to put out the vpn软件免费 fire.
3I won't put up with this sort of thing any longer.
4Because of the bad weather, the match has been 免费vpn put off until next week.
CExplain the meaning of the words or phrases in italics:
1Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface．(1.10)
2I'm ashamed to say I've only been to the Louvre once.
3Once upon a time there was a poor woodcutter who lived in a forest.
4I see him once in a while.
5I'll come at once.
6All at once there was vpn软件免费 a loud explosion.
DWrite sentences using the following expressions:
under control (1.13); out of control; beyond control.
ENote the use of off vpn免费下载 in this sentence: We want 免费vpn it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner．(1.13)
Write sentences using the following verbs: drive off; cool off; hurry off; switch vpn免费 off; 免费vpn wear off.
Multiple choice questions多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension理解
1Deep drilling techniques have improved greatly because _______.
a．of the need to locate oil
b．it is necessary to go down as much as 25,000 feet
c．there is no need to send men down deep holes to get oil
d．of the constant search for mineral deposits
2It's necessary to vpn软件免费 put up an oil derrick _____.
a．because it is like a giant block and tackle
b．to rotate the vpn免费下载 engine at the top
c．to control all the equipment needed to drill a deep hole
d．to decide exactly where to drill for oil
3The only way of knowing what rocks the drill has reached is to _____.
a．cut clean cylinders of rock
b．use the coring bit
c．take note vpn软件免费 of the strata below the surface
d．bring up specimen material from time to time
4If you don't control the oil pressure ________.
a．oil will vpn软件免费 免费vpn be forced to the surface with great force
b．mud will have to be circulated down the drill pipe
c．you will have to vpn免费 catch the oil at the surface
d．water will gush to the surface
Structure句型
5The holes made for oil go down as ______ as 25,000 feet．(1.1)
a．many
b．long
c．far
d．distant
6Nothing has done as _____ as to improve deep drilling as the search for oil．(11.3-4)
a．many
b．much
c．long
d．far
7The geologist needs to know ______ rocks the drill has reached．(1.8)
a．that
b．when
c．how
d．which
8_____ we get down to the oil, it usually flows 免费vpn with great pressure．(1.10)
a．Immediately
b．The first time
c．Until
d．As long as
Vocabulary词汇
9The holes are only borings, less than a foot _____ .(11.2-3)
a．round
b．across
c．through
d．along
10The engine at vpn免费 the top makes the drill pipe 免费vpn vpn免费 go ______．(1.6)
a．up and down
b．in and out
c．round and round
d．deeper and vpn免费 deeper
11______ a sample is obtained with a coring bit．(11.8-9)
a．Every now and again
b．In vpn软件免费 one way or another
c．Often but vpn软件免费 not always
d．After a long time
12We _____ avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher．(1.12)
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